There is a book by Freeman J.Dyson,"Disturbing the universe", which narrates how he,Dyson, connected the formulations of quantum field theory by Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger and Sin Itiro Tomonaga in a single view during a bus trip, the Greyhound buses, from Albuquerque, New Mexico, to Ann Arbor Michigan. He had traveled with Feynman from Ann Arbor in his auto and Feynman had explained his view to him. The three got a Nobel prize, Dyson was the fourth.
Tullio
Once I traveled in a Greyhound bus from St.Louis to Los Angeles and back but that trip produced no theory, only insomnia.

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There is a book by Freeman J.Dyson,"Disturbing the universe", which narrates how he,Dyson, connected the formulations of quantum field theory by Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger and Sin Itiro Tomonaga in a single view during a bus trip, the Greyhound buses, from Albuquerque, New Mexico, to Ann Arbor Michigan. He had traveled with Feynman from Ann Arbor in his auto and Feynman had explained his view to him. The three got a Nobel prize, Dyson was the fourth.
Tullio
Once I traveled in a Greyhound bus from St.Louis to Los Angeles and back but that trip produced no theory, only insomnia.

Many grand theories has been found on public transportations.
Einstein on his way to his job as a patent clerc.
And https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane was found on a train to London.

6 degrees of separation:)
From the Senegalese desert to astronaut Buzz Aldrin. Filip & Fredrik will get to Buzz Aldrin in six steps. To find a first person they go to Dakar where they meet Kariato Kida, a 30 year old woman from Mali.

The Nobel Prize in physics has been assigned to Takaaki Kajita, Japan and Arthur B.McDonald, Canada, for demonstrating that neutrinos have a mass since they undergo oscillations among the three different flavors of neutrinos, electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos, and tau neutrinos.. But this idea goes back to Bruno Pontecorvo, deceased.
Tullio

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The Nobel Prize in physics has been assigned to Takaaki Kajita, Japan and Arthur B.McDonald, Canada, for demonstrating that neutrinos have a mass since they undergo oscillations among the three different flavors of neutrinos, electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos, and tau neutrinos.. But this idea goes back to Bruno Pontecorvo, deceased.
Tullio

You don't get Noble Prizes for ideas.
Only discoveries and observations.

Alfred Nobel was the inventor of dynamite. I find it rather contradictory that the most important Nobel prize is the one for Peace whilst the inventor designed a material that enables us to destroy each another..

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Yes, but he proposed the idea and experiments were done to verify it. Had he not proposed the idea, nobody would have made the experiments. Same happened to the Higgs boson, hypothetized in 1964 and observed in 2012. Einastein said: It is the theory that determines what can be observed.Some for gravitational waves, predicted by Einstein and not yet observed, despite many efforts (LIGO,VIRGO,GEO600 and soon Lisa Pathfinder satellite, to be launched in November). Had not Einstein foreseen them, these costly experiments would not have been launched.
Tullio

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Alfred Nobel was the inventor of dynamite. I find it rather contradictory that the most important Nobel prize is the one for Peace whilst the inventor designed a material that enables us to destroy each another..

Yes. And he own AB Bofors as well.

AB Bofors was a Swedish industrial companies and arms manufacturers headquartered in Karlskoga, Värmland. The company was founded as an ironworks in 1646, became a leading steel producer in the 1870s, began to produce guns in 1883. The company had Alfred Nobel as principal owner from 1894 to 1896, and in 1898 added the production of gunpowder which was later expanded to explosives. The company grew during the 1900s, not least through the extensive deliveries of weapons to the Swedish armed forces during the two world wars, but also by exports. Weapons production expanded by including missiles and tanks, and also different civilian products, primarily in the chemical and pharmaceutical fields.

Yes, but he proposed the idea and experiments were done to verify it. Had he not proposed the idea, nobody would have made the experiments. Same happened to the Higgs boson, hypothetized in 1964 and observed in 2012. Einastein said: It is the theory that determines what can be observed.Some for gravitational waves, predicted by Einstein and not yet observed, despite many efforts (LIGO,VIRGO,GEO600 and soon Lisa Pathfinder satellite, to be launched in November). Had not Einstein foreseen them, these costly experiments would not have been launched.
Tullio

True. But Alfred Nobel has stated in his testamony that only discoveries should be rewarded.

The Nobel Prize in physics has been assigned to Takaaki Kajita, Japan and Arthur B.McDonald, Canada, for demonstrating that neutrinos have a mass since they undergo oscillations among the three different flavors of neutrinos, electron neutrinos, muon neutrinos, and tau neutrinos.. But this idea goes back to Bruno Pontecorvo, deceased.
Tullio

I wonder if the mass that neutrinos have is the missing dark matter of the universe.

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I wonder if the mass that neutrinos have is the missing dark matter of the universe.

It seems to be too small. But experiments also at Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy are trying to measure it.
Tullio

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I wonder if the mass that neutrinos have is the missing dark matter of the universe.

It seems to be too small. But experiments also at Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy are trying to measure it.
Tullio

But there are really a lot of them.

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Yes. Neutrino physics is at the leading edge in elementary particle physics, surpassing even the proton-proton collisions at LHC. Neutrino mass is not included in the Standard Model, so this is a real surprise. But Bruno Pontecorvo has been proven right.
Tullio

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Many of us also predicted that the Neutrino had a small mass --maybe 40 or 50 electron volts. Lets see what further study finds.

I am proceeding with my quest on looking into Quantum computers. Mathematical formalisms are used to define a "Superposition" state. This is accomplished by multiplying a state vector by an imaginary number(amplitude). Thus heads and tails now have a superposition state. I have not yet connected this to Logic or hardware but will continue with the two on-line and CD courses that I have.

A 2-qubit logic gate in silicon has been built by a team at Australia New South Wales University, as reported in the October 6 issue of "Nature" magazine. It forms a CNOT logic gate.
Tullio

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Using quantum mechanics to compute on vectors are very fast.
Topology and Fourier transformations are examples.
SETI use Fourier transformations a LOT:)
Storing data in QRAM is very efficent.

Efforts are underway to develop functional programming languages for quantum computing. Examples include Selinger's QPL,[3] and the Haskell-like language QML by Altenkirch and Grattage.[4][5] Higher-order quantum programming languages, based on lambda calculus, have been proposed by van Tonder,[6] Selinger and Valiron [7] and by Arrighi and Dowek.[8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_programming
Syntax[edit]
Data types
Quantum - qureg, quvoid, quconst, quscratch, qucond
Classical - int, real, complex, boolean, string, vector, matrix, tensor
Function types
qufunct - Pseudo-classic operators. Can only change the permutation of basic states.
operator - General unitary operators. Can change the amplitude.
procedure - Can call measure, print, and dump inside this function. This function is non-invertible.
Built-in functions
Quantum
qufunct - Fanout, Swap, Perm2, Perm4, Perm8, Not, CNot
operator - Matrix2x2, Matrix4x4, Matrix8x8, Rot, Mix, H, CPhase, SqrtNot, X, Y, Z, S, T
procedure - measure, dump, reset
Classical
Arithmetic - sin, cos, tan, log, sqrt, ...
Complex - Re, Im, conj

Quantum computers use optics instead of electricy.
Qubits are stored in chrystals instead of silicon.
https://d1o50x50snmhul.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/mainc0096943-quantum_computer_core-500.jpg

A 2-qubit logic gate in silicon has been built by a team at Australia New South Wales University, as reported in the October 6 issue of "Nature" magazine. It forms a CNOT logic gate.
Tullio

A CNOT logic gate.

The controlled NOT gate (or CNOT) qubit acts on the 2-qbits space.
It transforms the state |xy> into the state |x(x+y)>, where the addition of binary bits x and y is taken mod.2

|Blue> + |Yellow> = |Sweden/Ukraine> :)

BTW.
A qubit is not 2 feet long:)

Quantum computers use optics instead of electricy.
Qubits are stored in chrystals instead of silicon.
https://d1o50x50snmhul.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/mainc0096943-quantum_computer_core-500.jpg

Very interesting, thank you for posting that. I believe photons are one of the most important elements in nature.

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