How do scientists know the stars and galaxies they observe exist today? Stars are sending light from billions of years ago when observed.

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The light we see from Betelgeuze for instance has to travel 650 years to reach us. The star might as well have become a supernova by now. So we don't know the stars we see today, still exist. The light of the stars exist for us because we can see it with our own eyes but the material body may have died by the time we see it.

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rOZZ
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The light we see from Betelgeuze for instance has to travel 650 years to reach us. The star might as well have become a supernova by now. So we don't know the stars we see today, still exist. The light of the stars exist for us because we can see it with our own eyes but the material body may have died by the time we see it.

I was also thinking of Betelgeuze Julie:)
http://earthsky.org/brightest-stars/betelgeuse-will-explode-someday

The lifecycle of stars takes millions or billions of years, nothing will have changed in 650 years!

Betelgeuze has changed a lot since it was first discovered!
Betelgeuse is a pulsating star, so its diameter changes with time.
Even mass!
Thats the first sign of a dying star.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOq7Z10v94w

The fate of Betelgeuse depends on its initial mass—a critical factor which is not well understood.[89] Since most investigators posit a mass greater than 10 M☉, the most likely scenario is that the supergiant will continue to burn and fuse elements until its core collapses, at which point Betelgeuse will explode as a supernova, leaving behind a neutron star remnant about 20 km in diameter.[116] As of 2014, theoretical calculations for a non-rotating star suggest Betelgeuse has developed a 3–4 M☉ carbon-oxygen core which is being enlarged by deposition of fusion products from the surrounding helium shell at about a fifth of the star's radius. It will explode as a type II supernova within 100000 years after going through carbon, neon, oxygen, and silicon burning in the core. The remnant would be a neutron star around 1.5 M☉. The estimated age for the red supergiant is between 8 and 8.5 million years and its initial mass was 20+5
−3 M☉.[116] The exact mass, rotation rate, and mass loss are critical to Betelgeuse's fate; stellar evolution models show that initially rotating stars more massive than about 18 M☉ do not explode as supernovae while they are red supergiants. Instead they lose all their outer hydrogen to become yellow hypergiants, luminous blue variables, or even Wolf-Rayet stars before producing a type II-L, IIb or Ib/c supernova

In general the life-cycle of stars has an inverse relation with their mass, with a fairly large exponent (cubic?). While red dwarfs can burn for hundreds of billions of years, maybe trillions, the lifespan of the largest stars is only in the hundreds of thousands; their enormous luminosity implies a prodigious consumption of fuel, which can’t be sustained for long.

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The lifecycle of stars takes millions or billions of years, nothing will have changed in 650 years!

In any given 600 years quite a few stars will have reached the end of their lives, also during that same 600 years many new stars will have started up.

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Bob DeWoody

My motto: Never do today what you can put off until tomorrow as it may not be required. This no longer applies in light of current events.

I always thought the first stars in the Universe were huge (approximately 100 times the size of our Sun, or even larger) and then I find this article.

http://www.space.com/13572-early-stars-universe-massive.html

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rOZZ
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The light we see from Betelgeuze for instance has to travel 650 years to reach us. The star might as well have become a supernova by now. So we don't know the stars we see today, still exist. The light of the stars exist for us because we can see it with our own eyes but the material body may have died by the time we see it.

So here is some little texts:
https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Betelgeuse#Approaching_supernova

So we wait 4 a sudden rush of neutrinos, as an alert...& then watch the Fireworks of Supernova in Space!

This also will give a glimpse if Neutrino is FTL or STL...all indications say it's STL! ;)

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non-profit org. Play4Life in Zagreb, Croatia, EU

That article was November 2011 and based on a computer simulation. Is there any more later information on that? The results were interesting to say the least.

Couldn't find anything besides that. People should really be provided with the correct information. I'm all confuddled now. Here's an interesting link from the JWST page, no remarks on the sizes of the first stars though. The JWST will possibly answer some of our inquiries on this subject.

http://jwst.nasa.gov/firstlight.html

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rOZZ
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I have finally come to accept that terms like today and now don't have much if any meaning when trying to comprehend the universe.

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Bob DeWoody

My motto: Never do today what you can put off until tomorrow as it may not be required. This no longer applies in light of current events.

I have finally come to accept that terms like today and now don't have much if any meaning when trying to comprehend the universe.

So do I.
Let us say we could make a map of our universe today.
It would look (I think) much different than the Hubbles images does.

And what is time or what time is it?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91RHD0RSRxY

I have finally come to accept that terms like today and now don't have much if any meaning when trying to comprehend the universe.

We're making a mess out of it, Bob. Too many theories from too many different individuals. We should've built further on the theories of the basic thinkers in my opinion. Scientists are creating new theories like they change underpants these days.

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A network of big telescopes has discovered a very brilliant and very far galaxy with very massive Population III stars. I found this news on theregister.co.uk and it had a link to the Astrophysical Journal I could not open. But it must still be in print. Now scientific news (or their abstracts) go online even before being printed, a very bad habit in my opinion.
Tullio

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A network of big telescopes has discovered a very brilliant and very far galaxy with very massive Population III stars. I found this news on theregister.co.uk and it had a link to the Astrophysical Journal I could not open. But it must still be in print. Now scientific news (or their abstracts) go online even before being printed, a very bad habit in my opinion.
Tullio

And very confusing as well for us, outsiders.

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rOZZ
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The galaxy name is CR7, a very strange name, because soccer fans identify it with Cristian Ronaldo, a soccer star.
Tullio
There is an article on the NYT but I cannot read it having filled my quota of 10 articles/month.

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Scientists are creating new theories like they change underpants these days.

If PhD's and research scientists don't produce at least 2 learned papers each year then they get sidelined by the scientific community, and not shortlisted for jobs. It is also fair to say that modern science and technology keeps turning up new evidence that requires evaluating and adding into the mix.

How can they calmly find their inspiration and create new ideas that way?? Didn't know slavery existed in the field of science as well... Pressure is never good, that's a fact.

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That is how I have been given to understand it. If I am wrong then I am more than willing to say so, and accept more accurate information. It is in a way similar to what the teaching profession and business call CPD, Continuing Professional Development. You want promotion you do at least one course a year to add to the CV.

At Luminus it is called a personal improvement plan. When you receive an action plan however, it would be wise to look for a new job..

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rOZZ
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Scientists are creating new theories like they change underpants these days.

If PhD's and research scientists don't produce at least 2 learned papers each year then they get sidelined by the scientific community, and not shortlisted for jobs. It is also fair to say that modern science and technology keeps turning up new evidence that requires evaluating and adding into the mix.

Don't you dare say this in the Global Warming thread!! ;-)

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The galaxy name is CR7, a very strange name, because soccer fans identify it with Cristian Ronaldo, a soccer star.
Tullio
There is an article on the NYT but I cannot read it having filled my quota of 10 articles/month.

Cristiano Ronaldo has been one of football's brightest stars for many years, but he is now an entire galaxy.

Astronomers at the European Southern Observatory have named a newly-discovered galaxy CR7 - and while that officially stands for Cosmos Redshift 7, a measure of its place in cosmic time, the astronomers added the nickname was inspired by the Real Madrid forward.
The team of scientists was led by David Sobral from the University of Lisbon, who wanted to honour Portugal international Ronaldo.
According to the astronomers, CR7 is "three times brighter than the brightest distant galaxy known up to now."
It remains to be seen if Ronaldo's great rival Lionel Messi can find a response to that:)
http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/33185760
Nike Mercurial Vapor IX CR7 Galaxy

Sure, the Messier Catalogue.
Tullio

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